some basic info

INDIA


 Land – 32,87,263 sq km; 7th largest in the world. 16.7% of World
 Population – 102.87 Cr. (2001 Census); 2nd most populated country after China
 Sex Ratio-933 Growth Rate- 21.24 ( 1991-2001)
 Density- 324 Literacy- 65.38 %
Maximums- Literacy-Kerala, Density- W.Bengal, Growth Rate- Nagaland
Minimums- Literacy- Bihar, Density- Arunachal pradesh

28 states, 7 UTs including 1 NCR (Delhi)
 Chhattisgarh, Uttarakhand and Jharkhand – 3 new states in order of their formation.
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National symbols

 Jana Gana Mana: adopted on Jan 24, ‘50, 1st sung on Dec 27, ‘11, at INC, Calcutta, originally in Bengali

 Vande Mataram: 1st sung at 1896 INC session, originally in Sanskrit by Bankim C Chatterji

 Saka Era (AD 78), adopted on March 22, 1957

 Tiger -Animal, Peacock-Bird, Lotus-Flower

Indian economy is MIXED ECONOMY

Contribution of major sectors of Indian economy (At the end of 11th five year plan)

 Primary – Agriculture & allied - 20%
 Secondary – Industry, which includes mining & quarrying; manufacturing; electricity, gas & water supply, and construction. 26%
 Tertiary – Services, which includes trade, hotels, transport & communication; financial services, and community, social & personal services. 54%


Imp Economic data

GDP – 1 Trillion . ON APRIL 25,2007 India has joined the elite club of 12 countries with a trillion dollar economy, thanks to the continuing rally in rupee against the US dollar.

The country's GDP crossed the trillion-dollar mark for the first time in history when rupee appreciated to below 41-level against the US greenback

- 12th largest economy in world

 At $3.13 trillion, 4th largest by PPP, after US, Japan, & China

2nd fastest growing among large economies

Growth Rate- 9.3 in Q1 & 8.9 per cent in Q2 (2006-07)

 External Debt - $138 billion , 15.8% of GDP (April 2007)
 U.P. is most debted state in India
Revolutions in Indian Economy

Green-Agri
White- Milk
Blue- Fish
Yellow-Oilseeds
Pink- Shrimps
Grey-Wool
Golden- Horticulture


Agriculture in India

Green Revolution in India- M.S. Swaminathan ( Evergreen Revolution-recent)
Norman Bourlog Received Nobel for Peace for his Contribution In food security at Global level

 About 64% labour dependent on agriculture

 Contributes 20% to GDP

 Targeted Foodgrain production in 2006-07 - 220 MT (Actual production 209 MT in 2005-06)

 Net sown area – 1412 lakh hectares (2000) 46.8%

 Area under forest – 690 lakh hectares (2000) 22.6%

 Arunachal- Largest % of area under forest cover

 Madhya Pradesh- Largest Area under forest cover

Harvesting Seasons in India

 3 harvesting seasons – Rabi, Kharif, & Zaid

 Major Rabi crops: wheat, barley, mustard, gram

 Major Kharif crops: rice, jowar, bajra, cotton

 Foodgrain cropping share comes down to 65 per cent of gross cropped area (2000)
 Rice – highest cropped area followed by Wheat

Agricultural Credit
National Cooperative Bank Of India-1993
RRB’s-1975
LDB
National Bank for Agriculture And Rural Development . July 12, 1982
National Agriculture Policy -2000
Dairy development ( White Revolution)

 NDDB – chairperson Dr Amrita Patel

 AMUL started by Dr Verghese Kurien, who also launched Operation Flood (White Revolution)

 229 MT of milk production (2004-05), World no. 1

UP – largest milk producer, also largest milch bovine population

485 million livestock population, world no.1
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Agri and related activities

 NDDB – chairperson Dr Amrita Patel

 AMUL started by Dr Verghese Kurien, who also launched Operation Flood (White Revolution)

 229 MT of milk production (2004-05), World no. 1

 UP – largest milk producer, also largest milch bovine population

 485 million livestock population, world no.1
institutions


Central Sheep Breeding Farm, Hissar (Haryana)

National Research Centre on Pigs at Rain (Guwahati)


Central Agriculture Research Inst., Port Blair

Locust Warning Center, Jodhpur (Rajasthan)

National Plant Protection Training Institute, Hyderabad
Education

Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan
 Launched in 2001, 75:25 expenditure sharing during 10th Plan between Centre & states

 All children in 6-14 yrs bracket in school

 Bridge all gender & social category gaps at primary stage by 2007 & elementary stage by 2010

 Universal retention by 2010


Schemes
 Mid-Day Meal Scheme – Launched in 1995, aims to increase enrolment & retention in schools

 Operation Blackboard – Launched 1987-88, 2 large classrooms, 2 teachers, essential teaching material

 Lok Jumbish – Launched in Rajasthan with assistance from Sweden, aims for education for all

 Shiksha Karmi Project – aims at universalition & qualitative improvement of primary education in remote places of Rajasthan, special emphasis on girl child

Environment

 22.6% area under forest cover

 Forest Survey of India – HO at Dehra Dun

 13 Biosphere Reserves, 3 recognized by UNESCO viz., Nilgiri, Sunderbans, & Gulf of Mannar

 Forest Policy – 1894, revised 1952 & 1988

 Project Tiger – 1973; 281 Tiger Reserves in 17 states

 Project Elephant – 1992; 14 reserves

 Eco-mark – to label environment-friendly consumer products
Most polluted city - Howrah

Welfare schemes

 Antyodaya Anna Yojana (2000) – Poorest of the poor, 35 kg of foodgrain at highly subsidised rates (Rs 2 - rice, Rs 3 – wheat)
 Annapurna Scheme (2000-01) – poor over 65 yrs of age with no pension are eligible, 10 kg of rice per month

 Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojana (2001) – Universal Food for Work scheme in all UTs / states, who are supplied with 50 lakh tonne food grain free of cost by MoRD

 NREGS – Food for Work programme in 200 most backward districts; 100 days employment guarantee for ONE member of a poor household or else compensation provided; Minimum Wage at Rs 60 per day
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employment

 Total labour force – Estimated 498 million

 Services – 23 per cent; Industry – 17-19 per cent

 Unemployment for males in 2004
Increases to 9% in rural areas (5.6. % in '93-94)
and 8.1% in urban areas (6.7% in '93-94)

 Unemployment for females in 2004
Increases to 9.3% in rural areas (5.6% in '93-94) and 11.7% in urban areas (10.5% in '93-94)
National Rural Emplyoment Guarantee Programme 2005-06





Poverty Alleviation programmes in India

1) P.M. Gramodaya Yojana for sustainable human development 2000-2001
2) Swarnajayanti Gram swarojgar Yojana self employment 1999
3) Sampurna Gramin Rojagar Yojana for wage employment in rural areas 2001
4)Bharat Nirman Yojana for rural infrastructure 2005
5) Baramati initiative for e-Agriculture
6) Drought Prone Area Development Programme 1973-74
7) Antyodaya Anna Yojana under TPDS 2000








Population

 Population growth – 1.91% (annual) 2006

 Decadal growth – 21.24 (1991 – 2001)

 Crude Birth Rate (CBR) – 25; CDR – 8.1

 IMR – 64 (2002); MMR – 487

 Total Fertility Rate (TFR) – 3.2

 Life Expectancy at Birth – 63.8 yrs (M); 66.9 yrs (F)

 Highest TFR – Bihar with 4.5

National health policy 2002

We need to Eliminate
 Malaria, Yaws, & Leprosy – 2005
 Kala Azar – 2010; Filariasis – 2015
 Achieved zero level growth of HIV / AIDS – 2007

We need to Reduce
 IMR to 30 / 100 & MMR 100 / lakh by 2010
 Prevalence of Blindness to 0.5% by 2010
 Mortality by 50% on a/c of vector diseases like TB / malaria

Facts

India is home to
 highest HIV-infected population (5.5 million)

 highest blind population

 highest polio-afflicted population

 highest TB population (1/3rd of global TB pop)

 highest diabetic population (nearly 15%)


National health programmes

 National Malaria Control Programme (1953)
 National Filaria Control Programme (1955)
 National TB Control Programme (1962)
 National Leprosy Control Programme (1955)
 National Programme for Control of Blindness (1953)
 National AIDS Control Programme (1987)
 National Goitre Control Programme (1962)
 National Mental Health Programme (1955)
 National Surveillance Programme for Communicable Diseases (1997-98)

Transportation

 17 Railway Zones; 11 International Airports

 14 Major Ports including one at Ennore (TN) – India’s first corporatised port, about 196 other ports

 219 National Highways; longest NH 7 between Kanya Kumari & Varanasi;shortest is NH 47A between Willingdon Island & Kochi (Kerala)
P.M. Bharat jodo pariyojana
P.M. Gram sadak yojana

 Golden Quadrilateral – 5,846 km (D-M-C-K)

 North-South Corridor ( Sri- Kanya) &
 East-West Corridor ( Silchar-Porbander) – 7300 km

 12 International Airports

Setusamudram progect

Facts

 Arvind Kejriwal – Ramon Magsaysay Award 2006 winner for Emergent Leadership

 Uttarakhand is the new name of Uttaranchal

Sector wise electricity consumption
Industry- Irrigation- Domestic- Commercial

Sector wise gas consumption
Power- Fertilizers- Petrochemicals- Industrial

Some science and tech for 2010 mains

1)Magnetic Resonance Imaging-
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mri#Applications
MRI is an application of Cryogenics,& Cryogenic Technology was in the news very recently...
http://beta.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/article397441.ece
2)Thermographic Camera-
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imaging_infrared..
Imaging Infrared is the technology in use in the Anti-Tank missile "Nag" that was test-fired recently...
http://beta.thehindu.com/news/national/article448188.ece
3)HDTV-
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HDTV
DTH operators plan to launch it in India to coincide with the Commomwealth Games...
http://beta.profit.ndtv.com/news/show/dth-operators-to-launch-hdtv-for-cw-games-32366
Rust Spore-Website launched by FAo to track Ug99
http://beta.thehindu.com/sci-tech/agriculture/article447507.ece
Fuel Cell
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_cell
1)Bloom Box Technology-
http://www.thehindu.com/2010/02/26/stories/2010022655871800.htm
2)Solar Flare-
http://beta.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/article22247.ece?textsize=small&test=2
Wiki link-
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_flare
3)Robodog-
http://www.hindu.com/seta/2008/09/18/stories/2008091850031500.htm
4)MQ-1 Predator
Used very frequently by the US Air Force to carry out strikes inside Pakistani territory..
Wiki link-
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MQ-1_Predator#Pakistan
bacteria to clear oil spill
http://publication.samachar.com/pub_article.php?id=9308350&nextids=9308350|9308351|9308352|9308353|&nextIndex=1
)Digital Imaging-(Is a major technological application of CCD sensors,Nobel Prize for Physics 2009)
Wiki link-
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_imaging
2)RT-LAMP methodology(Detection of Swine Flu)
http://www.thehindu.com/2010/03/24/stories/2010032466902200.htm
3)Biosensors-
http://expressbuzz.com/Cities/Kochi/biosensors-for-quality-control/138221.html
Wiki link-
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosensors
4)Probiotics-
http://www.thehindu.com/mag/2009/03/01/stories/2009030150200600.htm
Rfid- Radio-frequency identification. this the tech. is being used for radio colloring of tigers and elephants in india.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio-frequency_identification
1)Carbon Footprint-
http://beta.thehindu.com/news/cities/Chennai/article451195.ece
Wiki link-
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_footprint
2)Norin-10(Used by Norman Borlaug,the crossed varieties played a vital role in India's Green Revolution..Borlaug died in Sep 2009)..
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norin_10_wheat
3)LBS Technolgy
http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2010/03/15/stories/2010031550960200.htm
Wiki link-
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Location-based_service
4)LIDAR Technology(In the news recently in Haiti & also because this technolgy uses laser pulses...Laser technology completes the 50th year of it's existence in 2010)..
http://beta.thehindu.com/sci-tech/technology/article93862.ece
Wiki link-
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LIDAR#Applications
1)Cloud Computing-
http://www.thehindu.com/2009/05/10/stories/2009051059651300.htm
Wiki link-
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_computing
2)Green Dam Youth Escort-
http://www.thehindu.com/2009/07/01/stories/2009070160561300.htm
Wiki link-
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Dam_Youth_Escort
3)Voice over Internet Protocol(Technology used by the Pakistani handlers to communicate with the terrorists during the Mumbai attacks)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voip
4)God's particle,also known as Higgs-Boson(LHC Experiment at CERN)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God%27s_particle
)Link Hoffman Bush Technology
http://www.thehindu.com/2009/07/28/stories/2009072850390200.htm
2)Distributed Denial of Service attacks(Allegedly used by Chinese hackers & also by Russsia against Georgia in the recent past)
Wiki link-
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ddos#Distributed_attack
Indigenous vaccine for Swine flu developed by India.. Vaxiflu
http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_onset-of-monsoon-winter-may-see-return-of-swine-flu-say-experts_1391374
1)X-Ray Crystallography(Ramakrishnan used X-ray crystallography — the same method used by the discoverers of DNA — to map the thousands of microscopic atoms that make up a ribosome...Nobel Prize for Chem 2009)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_ray_crystallography
2)Solar Pond(News article on November 13th 2009,The Hindu)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_pond
3)JWST-James Webb Space Telescope(5th Jan 2010,The Hindu)
http://beta.thehindu.com/sci-tech/technology/article75641.ece

Fibertect : As British Petroleum struggles to contain the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, an Indian-origin scientist from Texas University has created a special cotton fabric that can clean up crude oil up to 40 times its weight and help in cleaning efforts.Seshadri Ramkumar, has created a non-woven, environment-friendly cotton carbon absorbent wipes called Fibertect.
http://www.hindu.com/2010/06/15/stories/2010061561002400.htm
E-waste (Cobalt -60 irrdiation in DL)


1)Magnetic Levitation-
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_levitation
Technology used to run High-Speed Rail Networks/Bullet Trains in many countries..
The Govt of India plans to introduce such Bullet Trains in the country too..
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Bullet-train-Rlys-studying-feasibility-report/articleshow/5600996.cms
2)Scatterometer-
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scatterometer
Forms an important component of the Payload system aboard Oceansat-2,which was launched in Sept 2009..
http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2009/09/23/stories/2009092351321700.htm
3)Free and open source software
http://beta.thehindu.com/education/article42059.ece
Wiki link-
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_and_open_source_software